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Kansas pte - Tax Strategist Insight. More than 20 states now allow p

Home Income Tax Pass-Through Entity Tax. Pass-Through Entity Tax. What is the Pass-Thr

Kansas (/ ˈ k æ n z ə s / ()) adalah negara bagian di Amerika Serikat Barat Tengah. Ibukotanya adalah Topeka dan kota terbesarnya adalah Wichita. Kansas adalah negara bagian yang terkurung daratan yang berbatasan dengan Nebraska di utara; Missouri di timur; Oklahoma di selatan; dan Colorado di barat. Kansas dinamai dari Sungai Kansas tempat tinggal orang Kansa, sebutan penduduk asli Amerika ...The APTA Kansas is the member organization of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants that represents, promotes, and advocates for the profession of physical therapy, facilitates best practice, and assists members in meeting the physical therapy needs of the community.PROPERTY PLUS ..... 22 Who is Insured Under Property Plus? ..... 22Kansas corporate income tax is calculated using the apportioned net income multiplied by the corporate income tax rate mentioned above. Corporations may opt to use a two-factor (sales and property) apportionment formula to calculate tax liability if the payroll factor for a taxable year exceeds 200 percent of the average of the property and ...For tax years beginning in 2021, the election must be made by April 15, 2022. The associated tax is imposed at a rate of 4.25 percent, equal to the individual tax rate. Members of an entity making the election are afforded a refundable credit against their income tax liabilities on their share of the flow-through entity’s income.KS Steel Trade Pte Ltd, Singapore. 102 likes · 13 were here. KS Steel is a fully registered company in Singapore. KS Steel has achieved a high level of...Line 43 of 540 pulls from Sch P, pg 2, line 6, column (b). The credit amount used this year is being limited on Sch P to the excess tax (difference between Tax from 540 and Tentative Minimum Tax from Sch P). The excess tax is being calculated as 20,456 so that is the max amount of PTE credit that can be taken in the current year.Are you looking for a car dealership that provides exceptional customer service? Look no further than CarMax Kansas City. CarMax Kansas City is a car dealership that offers an extensive selection of new and used cars, along with top-notch c...We welcome international students and student-athletes at Kansas Wesleyan University. Our student body has included men and women from up to 15 countries ...Kansas PTA 715 SW Tenth Street Topeka, KS 66612 Phone: 785-234-5782 Toll Free: 888-311-5782 Fax: 785-324-4170 E-Mail: [email protected]. Members of the Kansas PTA Board of Managers are available to address your group, providing information about PTA and helpful materials.The filing of the MO-PTE does not substitute for a partnership filing its MO-1065 or an S corporation filing its MO-1120S. A partnership that has a partner that is a Missouri resident, or that has any income derived from Missouri sources, generally must file a Form MO-1065, regardless of whether it files a Form MO-PTE.Tax paid to the state of Kansas under a pass-through entity tax election will be deductible at the federal level on Form 1065 or 1120 (S), reducing ordinary income and ultimately the amount of federal income tax paid by the shareholder. If no election is made, then tax paid to the state will provide no benefit to shareholders at the federal level.OK NM AR SC GA MS AL AK TX LA HI FL 36 states (& 1 locality) that enacted a PTE tax since TCJA SALT deduction limitation, effective for 2021 (or earlier) unless noted: AL, AR1, AZ1, CA, CO3, CT4, HI2, GA1, IA1, ID, IL, IN1, KS1, KY1 (& KY) ,LA, MA, MI, MD, MN, MO1, MS1, MT2, NC1, NE3, NJ, NM1, NY, OH1, OK, OR1, RI, SC, UT1, VA, WI, WV1, and NYC1Down below we'll go over how to enter PTE for Kansas on Individual, Partnership, and S Corporate returns in Lacerte.IndividualGo to Screen 53.061, Kansas …Psychologists), and a representative of the Kansas National Education Association. Written-only proponent testimony was submitted by a representative of the Kansas PTA. The proponents generally addressed the stigma the labeling of “emotional disturbance” presents for the individual child, parents, and school staff.Black & Veatch is a global engineering, procurement, consulting and construction company specializing in infrastructure development. Our services and solutions address resilience, scale and sustainability of the world's most important infrastructure assets.Kansas, which became a part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase, was the birthplace of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Amelia Earhart and is the home of Pizza Hut, the helicopter and the rotary-dial telephone.The tax is at 9% on the first $250,000 and 9.9% on taxable business income above $250,000. Shareholders and partners are eligible for a credit on their individual Oregon returns equal to 100% of the member’s distributive share of pass-through entity tax paid. Applicable for Tax Years 2022 and later.Kansas PTA Bulletin is published six times a year. Each issue contains information pertaining to the financial management of the PTA Unit. Your Unit President receives a electronic copy emailed to them. You can also find it on our website – www.kansas-pta.org Kansas PTA Treasurer and other Kansas PTA Board members as resources.Before you make a donation request to a company not on the list above, be sure to check if the company explicitly states that they do not donate to schools or PTA/PTOs. Here are a few examples of companies that do NOT donate to schools. Penguin Random House Education. LL Bean. Big Lots.LINE 48 (CREDIT FORWARD): Enter the portion of line 46 you wish to have applied to your 2023 Kansas estimated tax (must be $1 or more). If the amount on line 46 is less than $5.00, you may carry it forward to 2023 as an additional credit even if you don’t make estimated tax payments.Please disclose the net asset value and net profits of Homestead KS Pte. Ltd. as at 31 Dec 2022. The net asset value of Homestead KS Pte. Ltd. as at 31 December 2022 is S$388,528 and the net profits of Homestead KS Pte. Ltd. for financial year ended 31 Dec ember 2022 is S$118,599. BY ORDER OF THE BOARD . Anne Liew Mei Hong . …Major landforms in Kansas include the Ozark Plateau, Cherokee Lowlands, Osage Cuestas, Flint Hills and Glaciated Region. Kansas is a state in the midwest region of the United States.PTE Academic. Accepted worldwide for study and immigration. Tests for UK visas & immigration. Canada New Zealand United Kingdom United States Other countries. Join the conversation. Accreditation Malpractice policy Terms and conditions. PTE has 400+ global test centers for English proficiency tests. Find local fees and availability near you.I earned my BS, MS & PhD in Chemical Engineering. We have lived in Indiana, Maryland, New York, Virginia & since 2013 in Kansas. I have been in Education for all but 2 of these 40 years, & I strive to encourage students to love learning science/STEM. My career in education will provide me with a keen insight as a board member. Website ...Find the best home service providers in Kansas City with data-driven ratings from Find a Pro. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featured Content Media Find a Pro About Please enter a valid 5-digit zip code! How can we help? ...01 April, 2021. Calendar year 2021 has continued the trend of pass-through entity (PTE) tax proposals. With the fast approaching state tax compliance deadlines, PTEs and their owners are intensifying their attention on these taxes. PTEs and their owners should take these taxes into account when determining the impacts at the entity and owner ...That is the case for state passthrough entity (PTE) "taxing" elections. Beginning in 2018, the law known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), P.L. 115 - 97, introduced a cap of $10,000 for itemized deductions of state and local taxes (SALT), dramatically affecting certain taxpayers. The cap led some taxpayers to contemplate changing their state ...Topeka KS 66612-1588 Nick Jordan, Secretary Richard Cram, Director . Phone: 785-296-3081 FAX: 785-296-7928 www.ksrevenue.org Department of Revenue . Sam Brownback, Governor . NOTICE 15-15 CREDIT FOR TAXES PAID TO ANOTHER STATE (AUGUST 10, 2015) Kansas law allows a credit against the individual income tax liability of a Kansas …Tax Strategist Insight. More than 20 states now allow pass-through entities (PTEs) to elect to be taxed at the entity level to help their residents avoid the $10,000 limit on federal itemized deductions for state and local taxes, also known as the “SALT cap.”. For PTEs electing into a state PTE tax regime, the federal pass-through income of ...States’ PTE Tax Elections: Status and Issues to Consider. Updated 5/19/2023. Almost 40 states now allow pass-through entities (PTEs) to elect to be taxed at the entity level as a workaround to the $10,000 federal state and local tax (SALT) deduction limitation known as the “SALT cap.” Only about 10 states with a personal income tax …For instance, it is currently unclear whether a PTE with purely investment activities can elect to pay a PTET and claim an ordinary deduction on its federal income tax return. 2022 PTET Payments Required before Year-End . All PTEs making a PTET election should estimate and pay their 2022 PTET liabilities prior to the tax year-end. Specifically:Award of Excellence winners have advanced to Kansas PTA for state judging. Those results will be announced in April. The Citizenship Program is sponsored by Kansas PTA encouraging writing for students in fifth through 12th grade. The 2021-2022 statewide theme was submitted by Elizabeth Barnes, a student at Westridge Middle School.271 201107377k refah pte. ltd. 272 201111175z ong and ks pte. ltd. 273 201128503z genesis film (pte. ltd.) 274 201128029w mind stretcher learning centre (pasir ris) pte. ltd. 275 201128719g impex food & beverage (s) pte. ltd. 276 201205031c juanqi pte. ltd. 277 201201248n aal nanjing shipping pte. limited2013 Forms: Individual Income Tax (K-40) Original and Amended - 2013. Individual Income Tax Supplemental Schedule (Schedule S) - 2013. Kansas Payment Voucher (K-40V) - 2013. Allocation of Income Worksheet - 2013. Individual Underpayment of Estimated Tax Schedule and instructions (K-210) - 2013.Kansas PTA 715 SW Tenth Street Topeka, KS 66612 Phone: 785-234-5782 Toll Free: 888-311-5782 Fax: 785-324-4170 E-Mail: [email protected]. Members of the Kansas PTA Board of Managers are available to address your group, providing information about PTA and helpful materials.Down below we'll go over how to enter PTE for Kansas on Individual, Partnership, and S Corporate returns in ProConnect. Individual. From the Input Return tab, go to State & Local ⮕ Other Credits ⮕ KS Credits.; Under the Kansas Refundable Credits section, enter the amount in the Credit for tax paid on K-120S field.. This flows to Line 26 of Form K-40.The tax is at 9% on the first $250,000 and 9.9% on taxable business income above $250,000. Shareholders and partners are eligible for a credit on their individual Oregon returns equal to 100% of the member’s distributive share of pass-through entity tax paid. Applicable for Tax Years 2022 and later.When traveling to Kansas City, Missouri, you may be looking for an easy and convenient way to get around. One of the best options is to rent a car from MCI Airport. Here is what you need to know about MCI Airport rental cars.Common State/City > State PTE Generation > State PTE Return Generation > Kansas - Generate State PTE return. Interview Form PTE-ST1, Box 94.-Is this a separate filing from the main form, part of the main form, or filed on it's own? Generating the KS PTE opens up the calculation of several lines of the K-120S that are exclusive to PTE returns.I earned my BS, MS & PhD in Chemical Engineering. We have lived in Indiana, Maryland, New York, Virginia & since 2013 in Kansas. I have been in Education for all but 2 of these 40 years, & I strive to encourage students to love learning science/STEM. My career in education will provide me with a keen insight as a board member. Website ...Kansas PTA 715 SW Tenth Street Topeka, KS 66612 Phone: 785-234-5782 Toll Free: 888-311-5782 Fax: 785-324-4170 E-Mail: [email protected]. Members of the Kansas PTA Board of Managers are available to address your group, providing information about PTA and helpful materials.The Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) endorses it. Pearson Language Tests introduced PTE Academic in 2009. The test is graded on a scale of 10 to 90 (Global Scale Of English), divided into three sections: Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. The Speaking and Writing Section lasts between 54 and 67 minutes.KS-1510, Kansas Sales Tax and Compensating Use Tax. Due dates for withholding tax payments depends on the size of your payroll. The larger your payroll, the larger the Kansas withholding, and therefore the more frequently you will report and pay the tax. Kansas has five filing frequencies — annual, quarterly, monthly, semi-monthly, and quad ...Major landforms in Kansas include the Ozark Plateau, Cherokee Lowlands, Osage Cuestas, Flint Hills and Glaciated Region. Kansas is a state in the midwest region of the United States.Almost 40 states now allow pass-through entities (PTEs) to elect to be taxed at the entity level as a workaround to the $10,000 federal state and local tax …Down below we'll go over how to enter PTE for Kansas on Individual, Partnership, and S Corporate returns in ProConnect. Individual. From the Input Return …SALT PARITY ACT (DECEMBER 13, 2022) During the 2022 Legislative Session House Bill 2239 was passed and signed into law.The Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) endorses it. Pearson Language Tests introduced PTE Academic in 2009. The test is graded on a scale of 10 to 90 (Global Scale Of English), divided into three sections: Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. The Speaking and Writing Section lasts between 54 and 67 minutes.1 | Kansas PTA Kansas Kansas PTA 715 SW 10 th Street, Topeka KS 66612 www.kansas-pta-legislative.org [email protected] January 25, 2023 In-Person Testimony to House K-12 Education Budget Committee Honorable Chair, Representative Kristey Williams Patricia Rosario, Committee Assistant 785-296-3971 [email protected] Flyer - October 3, 2016 by Riverview Elementary | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for individual educators, schools and districtsTwenty-nine states have enacted a PTE tax, including most recently Missouri, which, as of this writing, is expected to sign one into law in the next few weeks. The 29 …The Kansas legislature recently passed legislation referred to as the SALT parity act providing a workaround to a provision in the federal 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that caps the individual itemized deduction for state and local taxes (SALT) at $10,000.A PTE-level tax could reduce the administrative burden on states as the states may not have to expend resources to collect from non-residents with state source income (and can thus focus their collection efforts only on the PTE). 7. There is the possibility that non-residents with income from multiple PTEs would no longerKansas PTA, Topeka, Kansas. 1,968 likes · 1 talking about this · 6 were here. Nonprofit organizationBy joining PTA, you are also joining Kansas PTA and National PTA, and aligning yourself with the largest children’s advocacy group in the country. Membership has its benefits…when you join PTA you have exclusive access to m embers’ only sections of the PTA website as well as discounts on merchandise at your local school. MEMBERSHIPKeep Your Parts Compliant! Under the Product Certification 700 (PC700) designation, Boeing Distribution. Services has the capability to issue both FAA Form 8130-3 and EASA Form 1. in-house from our headquarters in Miami, Florida.Kansas City Steak Company is known for providing high-quality, hand-cut steaks that are perfect for any occasion. Whether you’re looking for a special dinner for two or planning a big family BBQ, Kansas City Steak Company has a variety of c...National PTA Life Achievement Awards. Give the award of a lifetime. Give the National PTA Life Achievement Award —the highest honor from the nation’s largest child advocacy organization—to the person who daily lives out his or her commitment to children. Complete the Form or call (800) 307-4782 to submit your request. Life Achievement Award.Regulations Kansas Register 387 Kansas Secretary of State 2016 Vol. 35, No. 17, April 28, 2016 State of Kansas Board of Healing Arts Permanent Administrative Regulations Article 29.—PHYSICAL THERAPY 100‐29‐9. License and certificate renewal; continuing education.2023 Corporate Estimated Income Tax Vouchers, Worksheet and Instructions (K-120ES) - For fiscal year filers. 2022 Corporate Estimated Income Tax Vouchers, Worksheet and Instructions (K-120ES) Underpayment of Estimated Corporation Tax and Instructions (K-220) Notice - Pay Estimate Tax Electronically.Form MO-PTE deadline is extended to October 16, 2023. Select the box at the top of the form indicating you have an approved federal extension and attach a copy of the Federal Extension, Form 7004, to the MO-PTE. (Failure to check this box may result in disallowing the extension.) An extension of time to file will extend the time for payment of theA former parent leader and Queens borough president appointee has been accused of pocketing nearly $15,000 from the PTA group she headed for three years, authorities said.Q. Can formation documents for domestic entities be filed online? A. Yes. Formation documents may be filed electronically for the following Kansas business entity types: for-profit corporations, not-for-profit corporations, limited liability companies, and limited partnerships. Online filers will be able to print an official letter and certified copy of the …On April 27, 2018, Connecticut became the first state to enact a pass-through entity (PTE) level income tax specifically as a workaround to the TCJA SALT limitation. The new tax was imposed at a rate of 6.99% on Connecticut sourced income for tax years beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2018, and replaced the state’s previous mandatory …07 Aug 2023. IFF Reports Second Quarter 2023 Results. 03 Aug 2023. IFF Announces Dr. Casper Vroemen to Succeed Dr. Gregory Yep as Chief R&D and Sustainability Officer. IFF is a global leader in food, beverage, health, biosciences, and scent. Learn how we apply science and creativity to create essential solutions for a better world.Are you a die-hard Kansas City Chiefs fan? Do you want to catch every thrilling moment of their games? If you’re unable to make it to Arrowhead Stadium or don’t have access to cable TV, don’t worry.To Kansas PTA. The Kansas PTA/National PTA portion of dues Collected should be recorded separately from the associations. _____ I/We do hereby verify that the above procedures have been performed. Remarks and exceptions are noted below (attach a separate sheet of paper if needed):_____Kansas taxable income (subtract line 28 from line 27 or if filing combined, enter line 29) 31. Normal tax - Banks & Savings and Loans (2.25% of line 30) 32a. Surtax - Banks (2.125% of line 30 in excess of $25,000) 32b. Surtax - Savings and Loans and trust companies (2.25% of line 30 in excess of $25,000)States with Enacted or Proposed Pass-Through Entity (PTE) Level Tax AK HI ME RI VT NH NY, MA NYC CT PA NJ DC DE WV NC SC GA FL IL OH IN MI WI KY TN MS AL AR LA TX OK KS MO IA MN ND SD NE NM AZ UT CO WY MT WA OR ID NV CA VA MD 36 states (& 1 locality) that enacted a PTE tax since TCJA SALT deduction limitation, effective for 2021 (or earlier ... KS SCAFFOLD PTE. LTD. (202133874E) KS SCAFFOLD PTE. LTD. (202133874E) is incorporated on 29/09/2021, Wednesday and is 2 years 0 months 24 days old. Current status is Live Company. It has 2 officers with paid up capital of SGD 10000.00.The average salary for PTAs in Kansas is comparable to the national average of $64,510 per year, but it can be higher as salaries can vary depending on experience, location, and specific employer in parts of Kansas. Step 5. Renew Your Physical Therapist Assistant License Each Year. Renewing your Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) license in ...Almost 40 states now allow pass-through entities (PTEs) to elect to be taxed at the entity level as a workaround to the $10,000 federal state and local tax …Shipco.com and STI-Online and its content are provided "as is". Shipco and its licensors disclaim any and all warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement, regarding any such content and your ability or inability to use Shipco.com or STi-Online …You will also be able to find some state specific documents on the Kansas PTA website: www.kansas-pta.org as well as the National PTA website: www.pta.org. Below is a list of some of what you will find in this section of the summer packet: 1) Letter of Determination: This is the document that outlines that Kansas PTA and its SubordinatePTA — Parent Teacher Association — is a grassroots organization of parents, teachers, and others around the state who have an interest in the well-being of children, families, and schools. PTA members are advocates for all children in our neighborhoods, throughout the state, and on Capitol Hill. By joining a local PTA, a member ... When and Where to File. Calendar Year: If your 2022 return is based on a calendar year, it must be filed by April 18, 2023. Fiscal Year: If your return is based on a tax year other than a calendar year, it must be filed no later than the 15th day of the fourth month following the end of your tax year. by applying Kansas tax computation schedule to the amount in column 9. COLUMN 11 —Enter each nonresident’s share of Total Kansas Income from Form K-120S by multiplying line 19* of Form K-120S by the percentage for each partner/shareholder from the K-120S, Part II, Column 4. COLUMN 12 —Kansas nonresident tax: Column 101,040. According to the most recent statistics (2022) released by the Bureau for Labor Statistics, the average PTA salary in Kansas is $55,630. This represents an hourly wage of $26.74 and is 8% below the national average. The top 10% of earners in the profession in Kansas earned $76,740. The bottom 10% earned $30,810.The Swiss Re Group is one of the world's leading providers of reinsurance, insurance and other forms of insurance-based risk transfer, working to make the world more resilient. The aim of the Swiss Re Group is to enable society to thrive and progress, creating new opportunities and solutions for its clients.BEST KS PTE. LTD. is a Singapore EXEMPT PRIVATE COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES. The company was incorporated on 07 Nov 2022, which is 1.0 years ago. The address of the Business's registered office is PENINSULA PLAZA, 111 NORTH BRIDGE ROAD, #21-01, Postal 179098. The Business current operating status is Live Company.The average Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) salary in Kansas is $61,903 as of September 25, 2023, but the range typically falls between $56,403 and $67,803 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your ...2023 Corporate Estimated Income Tax Vouchers, Worksheet and Instructions (K-120ES) - For fiscal year filers. 2022 Corporate Estimated Income Tax Vouchers, Worksheet and Instructions (K-120ES) Underpayment of Estimated Corporation Tax and Instructions (K-220) Notice - Pay Estimate Tax Electronically.He earned his law degree in 1979 from the Washburn University School of Law and his Masters of Laws in Taxation degree from the University of Missouri at Kansas City in 1984. Secretary Burghart has more than 35 years of experience combined between private and public service in tax law.Mining contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. According to a UN report, half of the world’s industrial emissions are caused by the mining and production of resources, fuel, and food. In terms of an unsustainable high carbon footprint, it ranks alongside the oil and gas industry. Drill and blast, haulage, refining, and ...Physical Therapy Assistant in Kansas. Enroll in an accredited physical therapist assistant program. While in school, try finding a part-time job in the healthcare field to get more exposure to healthcare and physical therapy. Complete and graduate from the PTA program. Take and pass the NPTE (National Physical Therapist Examination).Tax paid to the state of Kansas under a pass-through entity tax election will be deductible at the federal level on Form 1065 or 1120(S), reducing ordinary income and …Shipco.com and STI-Online and its content are provided "as is". Shipco and its licensors disclaim any and all warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement, regarding any such content and your ability or inability to use Shipco.com or STi-Online …With 35,000 professionals, across 60 countries, Wood is one of the world’s leading consulting and engineering companies operating across Energy and Materials markets.For additional information on Kansas sales and use taxes see Publication KS-1510, Kansas Sales Tax and Compensating Use Tax and Publication KS-1520, Kansas Exemption Certificates, located at: www.ksrevenue.org . Questions would be directed to Taxpayer Assistance at 785-368-8222. PR-78PT (07/14) _____01 April, 2021. Calendar year 2021 has continued the trend of pass-through entity (PTE) tax proposals. With the fast approaching state tax compliance deadlines, PTEs and their owners are intensifying their attention on these taxes. PTEs and their owners should take these taxes into account when determining the impacts at the entity and owner ...Kansas PTA, Topeka, Kansas. 1,968 likes · 1 talking about this · 6 wer, of the Kansas Association of School Boards, Kansas Indepen, (Kansas PTA’s have Uniform Unit Bylaws that only lists one Secretary who covers all of the duties.) If you ar, Topeka KS 66612-1588 Phone: 785-296-3081 FAX: 785-296-7928 www.ksrevenue.org Nick Jordan, Secretary Richard Cram, Dire, OK NM AR SC GA MS AL AK TX LA HI FL 36 states (& 1 locality) that enacted a PTE tax si, 1,040. According to the most recent statistics (2022) released by the Burea, Kansas Department of Revenue, PO Box 3506, Topeka, KS 666, WHEREAS, The Kansas PTA was established in 1914 by forwa, Answer: To renew online you will need to have available you, Shopping for a new car can be an intimidating experience. Wi, How to enter Kansas PTE in ProSeries SOLVED • by Intuit • 1, Mail your return to: KANSAS PRIVILEGE TAX, KANSAS DEPART, 07 Aug 2023. IFF Reports Second Quarter 2023 Result, 11%. below national average. Average $30.49. Low $21.20., Challenge Award – Units with 5% membership increase o, Our Fall Leadership Conference PowerPoints are available now at the , KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE. ONLINE SERVICES. Many of our servi, Aspiring to achieve a high score in the Pearson PTE ex.